HUBUNGAN HIPERTENSI JAS PUTIH DENGAN RISIKO GANGGUAN KARDIOVASKULAR: SEBUAH TINJAUAN LITERATUR
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Hipertensi jas putih (white coat hypertension/WCH) merupakan kondisi di mana tekanan darah meningkat saat pemeriksaan klinis namun tetap normal di luar lingkungan medis, yang berpotensi menimbulkan overdiagnosis dan pengobatan yang tidak perlu. Studi ini bertujuan untuk meninjau hubungan antara WCH dan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular melalui pendekatan tinjauan literatur. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelusuran artikel ilmiah berbahasa Inggris menggunakan database Google Scholar dengan kata kunci “white coat hypertension AND cardiovascular risk”. Dari proses seleksi dan penyaringan, diperoleh empat artikel yang relevan untuk dianalisis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa WCH berkaitan dengan peningkatan risiko kerusakan organ target, atrial fibrilasi, stroke, serta mortalitas kardiovaskular. Meskipun risikonya lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan masked hypertension dan sustained hypertension, WCH tetap menimbulkan implikasi klinis yang signifikan. Namun, beberapa studi menunjukkan bahwa WCH tidak secara signifikan meningkatkan risiko kematian kardiovaskular dibandingkan dengan individu normotensi. Kesimpulannya, WCH memiliki kaitan dengan gangguan kardiovaskular tertentu sehingga penting bagi tenaga medis untuk melakukan pemantauan yang cermat dan mempertimbangkan evaluasi jangka panjang, serta diperlukan studi lanjutan dengan desain kohort untuk menguatkan temuan yang ada.
ABSTRACT
White coat hypertension (WCH) is a condition characterized by elevated blood pressure readings in clinical settings while maintaining normal values outside such environments, potentially leading to overdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment. This study aims to review the association between WCH and cardiovascular risk through a literature review approach. The method involved searching for English-language articles using the Google Scholar database with the keywords “white coat hypertension” and “cardiovascular risk.” After a selection and screening process, four relevant articles were included for analysis. The findings indicate that WCH is associated with an increased risk of target organ damage, atrial fibrillation, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality. Although the risk is lower compared to masked hypertension and sustained hypertension, WCH still poses significant clinical implications. However, some studies suggest that WCH does not significantly increase cardiovascular mortality risk when compared to normotensive individuals. In conclusion, WCH is linked to certain cardiovascular conditions, underscoring the need for healthcare providers to conduct thorough monitoring and long-term evaluation. Further cohort-based studies are needed to confirm and deepen the understanding of the long-term impact of WCH on cardiovascular health.
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References
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