ANALISIS KOMPARATIF ATROFI SEREBRAL PADA GANGGUAN KOGNITIF NON-ALZHEIMER DAN PENYAKIT ALZHEIMER DI INDONESIA
Abstract
Abstrak
Penelitian ini menganalisis pola atrofi serebral pada pasien gangguan kognitif non-Alzheimer dan penyakit Alzheimer (AD) di Indonesia. Atrofi otak terjadi lebih cepat pada pasien AD dibandingkan penuaan normal, dan percepatan atrofi hipokampus ditemukan pada subjek dengan gangguan kognitif ringan (MCI) yang berkembang menjadi AD. Data diperoleh dari 710 subjek yang menjalani MRI di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo dan Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin. Analisis laju atrofi otak keseluruhan, hipokampus, dan pembesaran ventrikel menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok kontrol, MCI, dan AD. Rata-rata percepatan atrofi hipokampus pada subjek MCI mencapai 0,44% per tahun kuadrat (p < 0,05). Temuan ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya deteksi dini dan intervensi terapeutik pada tahap MCI. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa pola atrofi serebral di Indonesia serupa dengan temuan global, meskipun terdapat perbedaan faktor risiko lokal. Penelitian lanjutan perlu mencakup analisis longitudinal jangka panjang untuk pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang progresi AD di Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: Atrofi serebral, Alzheimer, gangguan kognitif ringan, Indonesia, hipokampus, MRI
Abstract
This study analyzes cerebral atrophy patterns in patients with non-Alzheimer cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Indonesia. Brain atrophy progresses faster in AD patients compared to normal aging, with accelerated hippocampal atrophy observed in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects who progress to AD. Data were obtained from 710 subjects who underwent MRI at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Hasan Sadikin Hospital. Analysis of overall brain atrophy rates, hippocampal atrophy, and ventricular enlargement revealed significant differences between control, MCI, and AD groups. The average acceleration of hippocampal atrophy in MCI subjects was 0.44% per year squared (p < 0.05). These findings emphasize the importance of early detection and therapeutic intervention at the MCI stage. This study also indicates that cerebral atrophy patterns in Indonesia are similar to global findings, despite local risk factor variations. Further research should include long-term longitudinal analysis to gain a better understanding of AD progression in Indonesia.
Keywords: Cerebral atrophy, Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment, Indonesia, hippocampus, MRI
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References
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