GAMBARAN PERLUKAAN KEPALA KORBAN KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS BERDASARKAN DATA HDSS SLEMAN 2019 DAN 2021
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Kecelakaan lalu lintas merupakan salah satu penyebab utama cedera dan kematian di dunia. WHO mencatat peningkatan jumlah kematian akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas dari 1,15 juta menjadi 1,35 juta jiwa pada tahun 2018. Cedera kepala menjadi salah satu cedera yang paling sering terjadi, terutama pada pengendara sepeda motor tanpa perlindungan kepala standar. Kabupaten Sleman sebagai wilayah dengan mobilitas tinggi memiliki risiko besar terhadap kejadian cedera kepala. Tujuan penelitian ini Untuk mengetahui gambaran perlukaan pada kepala korban kecelakaan lalu lintas berdasarkan data Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) Sleman tahun 2019 dan 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan cross sectional menggunakan data sekunder dari HDSS kabupaten Sleman tahun 2019 dan 2021. Analisis dilakukan secara univariat untuk menggambarkan karakteristik responden dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square untuk melihat hubungan antar variabel seperti usia, jenis kelamin, tempat kejadian perkara, tipe cedera, dan pola perlukaan. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan 102 responden, Sebagian besar berjenis kelamin laki-laki (58%) dan berusia 19-59 tahun. Kejadian lebih banyak ditemukan pada tahun 2019 (55%). Tipe cedera terbanyak adalah cedera tumpul (52%), diikuti cedera tajam (48%). Derajat luka didominasi perlukaan sedang (47%). Sepeda motor merupakan kendaraan yang paling sering terlibat (78%), dan lokasi kejadian terbanyak berada di wilayah urban (80%). Uji chi-square menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara usia, jenis kelamin, maupun lokasi kejadian dengan tipe cedera maupun pola perlukaan (p>0,05). Cedera kepala akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas di Sleman lebih banyak terjadi pada laki-laki usia produktif dengan tipe cedera tumpul dan derajat perlukaan sedang. Tidak ditemukan hubungan signifikan antara variabel demografis dan pola perlukaan, namun terdapat kecenderungan peningkatan proporsi cedera tajam pada kelompok usia lebih tua. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya penggunaan alat pelindung diri dan peningkatan keselamatan berkendara, terutama di wilayah urban.
ABSTRACT
Traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of injury and death worldwide. The World Health organization (WHO) recorded an increase in traffic related deaths from 1.15 million to 1.35 million in 2018. Head injury is among the most common types of trauma, particularly in motorcycle riders who not use standard protective headgear. Sleman Regency, as an area with high mobility, has a substantial risk of head injury occurrences. This study aimed to describe the pattern of head injuries among traffic accident victims based on data from the Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) Sleman in 2019 and 2021. This research employed an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional describe respondent characteristics, and bivariate analysis with the chi-square test was conducted to assess the relationship between variables such as age, sex, crash location, injury type, and injury pattern. A total of 102 respondents were identified, with the majority being male (58%) and aged 19-59 years. Most cases occurred in 2019 (55%). The most common injury type was blunt injury (52%), followed by sharp injury (48%). Moderate injuries dominated the severity category 47%). Motorcycles were the most frequently involved vehicles (78%), and most incidents occurred in urban areas (80%). The chi-square test indicated no significant relationship between age, sex, or crash location and injury type or injury pattern (p>0.05). head injuries from traffic accidents in Sleman were more common among males of productive age, with blunt injury and moderate severity being the most frequent findings. Although no significant associations were found between demographic variables and injury patterns, an increasing proportion of sharp injuries was observed in older age group. These findings highlight the importance of using protective equipment and strengthening road safety measures, particularly in high mobility urban areas.
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