LITERATURE REVIEW : BAWANG PUTIH (ALLIUM SATIVUM) SEBAGAI INTERVENSI HERBAL TRADISIONAL DALAM POTENSI PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH DI MASYARAKAT
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Hipertensi merupakan masalah kesehatan yang meningkatkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular, stroke, dan penyakit ginjal kronik. Selain terapi farmakologis, bawang putih (Allium sativum) banyak diteliti sebagai terapi komplementer karena kandungan senyawa bioaktifnya yang berpotensi menurunkan tekanan darah melalui efek vasodilatasi, antioksidan, dan penghambatan angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji efektivitas bawang putih dalam menurunkan tekanan darah berdasarkan bukti ilmiah terkini. Penelitian ini merupakan literature review dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan pada PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Frontiers, SINTA, dan Garuda terhadap artikel yang dipublikasikan tahun 2023–2026 sesuai kriteria inklusi. Sebanyak 29 artikel memenuhi kriteria. Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa bawang putih berpotensi menurunkan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi melalui berbagai mekanisme biologis, dengan bukti paling kuat berasal dari penelitian aged garlic extract. Kesimpulannya ialah bawang putih (Allium sativum) berpotensi sebagai terapi komplementer dalam pengendalian hipertensi, namun tidak menggantikan terapi antihipertensi standar. Penelitian lebih lanjut dengan desain yang lebih kuat masih diperlukan untuk mengonfirmasi efektivitas dan keamanan penggunaan jangka panjang.
ABSTRACT
Hypertension is a major public health problem that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. In addition to pharmacological treatment, garlic (Allium sativum) has been widely investigated as a complementary therapy due to its bioactive compounds, which may lower blood pressure through vasodilatory, antioxidant, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory effects. This study aimed to review the effectiveness of garlic in reducing blood pressure based on the latest scientific evidence. This study employed a qualitative descriptive literature review. Literature was searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Frontiers, SINTA, and Garuda, including articles published between 2023 and 2026 that met the predefined inclusion criteria. A total of 29 articles were included in the review. The findings indicate that garlic has the potential to reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension through multiple biological mechanisms, with the strongest evidence derived from studies using aged garlic extract. In conclusion, Allium sativum shows promise as a complementary therapy for hypertension management; however, it should not replace standard antihypertensive treatment. Further high-quality studies are needed to confirm its long-term efficacy and safety.
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