EKLAMPSIA: PROFIL KASUS DI RUMAH SAKIT REGIONAL SULAWESI TENGAH
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Eklampsia adalah komplikasi obstetri yang mengancam jiwa, ditandai oleh terjadinya kejang tonik-klonik pada wanita hamil atau pasca persalinan tanpa penyebab neurologis lain. Eklampsia berkontribusi signifikan terhadap angka kematian ibu dan prenatal, terutama di negara berpenghasilan rendah hingga sedang. tujuan penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan profil klinis, penatalaksanaan, luaran dari lima kasus eklampsia yang ditangani di beberapa rumah sakit regional di Sulawesi Tengah, serta menyoroti variasi klinis dan tantangan diagnostik/terapeutik. Laporan kasus deskriptif pada lima pasien primigravida, usia muda dengan kontrol antenatal yang tidak lengkap. Informasi diambil dari rekam medis meliputi anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, temuan laboratorium, penatalaksanaan (magnesium sulfat dan antihipertensi), cara dan waktu persalinan, serta luaran ibu dan bayi. Seluruh pasien mengalami hipertensi; sebagian melaporkan gejala prodromal (sakit kepala, gangguan penglihatan, nyeri epigastrium). Tiga pasien mengalami kejang, satu pasien datang dalam kondisi koma, dan satu pasien mengalami eklampsia pascapersalinan. Penatalaksanaan utama meliputi magnesium sulfat, obat antihipertensi dan persalinan secara pervaginam atau operasi. Luaran ibu umumnya baik; terdapat satu bayi dengan henti jantung dan satu bayi dengan asfiksia. Usia muda, status primigravida, dan kontrol antenatal yang suboptimal merupakan faktor risiko utama. Penanganan cepat dan multidisiplin dengan kontrol kejang, pengendalian tekanan darah, serta persalinan tepat waktu penting untuk menurunkan morbiditas dan mortalitas.
ABSTRACT
Eclampsia is a life-threatening obstetric complication characterized by generalized tonic–clonic seizures in pregnant or postpartum women in the absence of other neurologic causes. It remains a major contributor to maternal and perinatal mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income settings. The objective of the study is to describe the clinical profiles, management, and outcomes of five eclampsia cases treated at several regional hospitals in Central Sulawesi, highlighting clinical variation and diagnostic/therapeutic challenges. A Descriptive case series of five young primigravid patients with incomplete antenatal care. Data were extracted from medical records including history, physical examination, laboratory findings, management (magnesium sulfate and antihypertensives), mode and timing of delivery, and maternal–infant outcomes. All patients were hypertensive; most reported prodromal symptoms (headache, visual disturbance, epigastric pain). Three patients had seizures, one presented in coma, and one had postpartum eclampsia. Primary management included magnesium sulfate, antihypertensives, and delivery via vaginal birth or cesarean section. Maternal outcomes were generally good; one neonate experienced cardiac arrest and one had asphyxia. Young age, primigravida status, and suboptimal antenatal care were key risk factors. Prompt, multidisciplinary care with seizure control, blood pressure management, and timely delivery is critical to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Downloads
References
Das R, Biswas S. Eclampsia: The major cause of maternal mortality in eastern India. Ethiop J Health Sci 2015;25(2):111.
Engler BrendaM, Harvey ScottA, Vaught ArthurJ, editors. Fundamental Critical Care Support: Obstetrics. 2nd ed. United States : Society of Critical Care Medicine, 2022;
Bahri S, Suheimi D. Severe preeclampsia-eclampsia and their associated factors. Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019;92–96.
Vousden N, Lawley E, Seed PT, et al. Incidence of eclampsia and related complications across 10 low- and middle-resource geographical regions: Secondary analysis of a cluster randomised controlled trial. PLoS Med 2019;16(3):e1002775.
Lumentut AM, Tendean HMM. Luaran Maternal dan Perinatal pada Preeklampsia Berat dan Eklampsia. JURNAL BIOMEDIK (JBM) 2021;13(1):18.
Jones-Muhammad M, Shao Q, Cain-Shields L, Shaffery JP, Warrington JP. Acid Sensing Ion Channel 2a Is Reduced in the Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure Mouse Model and Increases Seizure Susceptibility in Pregnant Mice. Cells 2021;10(5):1135.
Ives CW, Sinkey R, Rajapreyar I, Tita ATN, Oparil S. Preeclampsia—Pathophysiology and Clinical Presentations. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020;76(14):1690–1702.
Autry AM, Petersen SM. What Is New in Global Women’s Health? (Part 2). Obstetrics & Gynecology 2017;129(2):377–379.
Muldoon KA, McLean C, El-Chaár D, et al. Persisting risk factors for preeclampsia among high-risk pregnancies already using prophylactic aspirin: a multi-country retrospective investigation. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 2023;36(1).
Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2020;135(6):e237–e260.
Katsi V, Svigkou A, Dima I, Tsioufis K. Diagnosis and Treatment of Eclampsia. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024;11(9):257.
Fishel Bartal M, Sibai BM. Eclampsia in the 21st century. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022;226(2):S1237–S1253.
Ngene NC, Moodley J. Preventing maternal morbidity and mortality from preeclampsia and eclampsia particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2024;94:102473.
Dahliana, A., Maisarah Rasyidah, U., Rizky Fernanda, A., & Damayanti, N. (2023). PERBANDINGAN JUMLAH TROMBOSIT PRIMIGRAVIDA DENGAN MULTIGRAVIDA PADA KEJADIAN PREEKLAMPSIA DI RUMAH SAKIT IBNU SINA GRESIK PERIODE TAHUN 2019 – 2021. Medika Alkhairaat: Jurnal Penelitian Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan, 5(2), 97-102. https://doi.org/10.31970/ma.v5i2.132
Nirmalasari, N., Faridnan, & Suciaty, S. (2019). GAMBARAN PENDERITA EKLAMPSIA YANG DIRAWAT DI ICU RSU ANUTAPURA DAN RSUD UNDATA PALU PERIODE TAHUN 2015 - 2017. Medika Alkhairaat: Jurnal Penelitian Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan, 1(2), 74-81. https://doi.org/10.31970/ma.v1i2.31
Copyright (c) 2026 Medika Alkhairaat: Jurnal Penelitian Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Medika Alkhairaat : Jurnal Penelitian Kedokteran dan Kesehatan agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant Journal Medika Alkhairaat right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) that allows others to remix, adapt, build upon the work non-commercially with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in Journal Medika Alkhairaat.
2. Authors are permitted to copy and redistribute the journal’s published version of the work non-commercially (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in Journal Medika Alkhairaat.
