THE COMPARISON OF DEPRESSION LEVELS IN CATARACT PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT UNCORRECTED PRESBYOPIA IN SURABAYA BASED ON PHQ-9 SCREENING
THE COMPARISON OF DEPRESSION LEVELS IN CATARACT PATIENTS IN SURABAYA
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Katarak merupakan penyebab utama gangguan penglihatan pada populasi lansia dengan prevalensi yang tinggi di Indonesia, terutama di Jawa Timur. Selain katarak, pada lansia juga sering ditemukan penurunan daya akomodasi yang mengikuti yaitu presbyopia. Kedua hal tersebut diduga dapat meningkatkan risiko kejadian depresi atau gangguan suasana hati yang berdampak negatif pada kualitas hidup seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan tingkat depresi pada penderita katarak dengan dan tanpa presbyopia yang belum terkoreksi di Surabaya berdasarkan screening PHQ-9. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan studi observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional menggunakan data sekunder dari kegiatan “Bakti Sosial Pembagian Satu Juta Kacamata.” Data pada penelitian ini terdiri dari 107 data responden penderita katarak yang diperoleh dengan total population sampling dan metode purposive sampling. Data kemudian terbagi ke dalam dua kelompok berdasarkan adanya presbyopia yang belum terkoreksi dan diolah untuk membandingkan derajat depresi yang dialami berdasarkan screening PHQ-9. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 65% penderita mengalami depresi. Namun, tidak terdapat perbedaan tingkat depresi yang signifikan antara kelompok katarak dengan presbyopia yang belum terkoreksi dan tanpa presbyopia yang belum terkoreksi berdasarkan skor screening PHQ-9 (p=0.76). Analisis pengaruh faktor risiko seperti usia, jenis kelamin, riwayat penyakit kronis, riwayat penggunaan NAPZA, alkohol, dan rokok juga tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian depresi.
ABSTRACT
Background: Cataracts are a leading cause of visual impairment in the elderly, with high prevalence in Indonesia, particularly East Java. Presbyopia, a common accommodation disorder in older adults, often accompanies cataracts and may increase depression risk, negatively impacting quality of life. Methods: This analytical observational cross-sectional study used secondary data from the “One Million Glasses Community Service” event in Surabaya on September 24, 2023. A total of 107 cataract patients were sampled using total population and purposive sampling methods, divided into groups with and without uncorrected presbyopia. Depression levels were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test for PHQ-9 scores and chi-square test for proportions, with a significance threshold of p ≤ 0.05. Results: Overall, 65% of patients experienced depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 5). No significant difference in depression levels was found between cataract patients with uncorrected presbyopia (median PHQ-9 score: 5, range: 0–9) and without uncorrected presbyopia (median: 5, range: 0–9; p = 0.764). Risk factors (age, gender, chronic diseases, substance use, alcohol, smoking) showed no significant association with depression (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: Depression levels were similar in cataract patients with and without uncorrected presbyopia, with both groups exhibiting mild depression. Routine mental health screening is recommended in cataract management programs
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