IMPENDING RESPIRATORY FAILURE, BRONKOPNEUMONIA DAN PERTUSIS MALIGNANT PADA BAYI USIA 1 BULAN 16 HARI: SEBUAH LAPORAN KASUS

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Infeksi saluran napas bawah masih menjadi penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas pada anak, terutama bayi. Kombinasi bronkopneumonia dengan pertusis malignant dapat memperberat kondisi dan menyebabkan impending respiratory failure yang berpotensi mengancam nyawa. Tujuan: Melaporkan kasus impending respiratory failure, bronkopneumonia dan pertusis malignant pada bayi usia 1 bulan 16 hari yang dirawat di RS Tk II dr. J.A. Latumeten, Ambon. Kasus: Seorang bayi laki-laki 1 bulan 16 hari datang dengan keluhan sesak napas, batuk berdahak, dan demam sejak satu minggu sebelum masuk rumah sakit. Pemeriksaan fisik menunjukkan takipnea (RR 69x/menit), nadi 190x/menit, serta saturasi oksigen 90% dengan udara ruangan. Pemeriksaan laboratorium menunjukkan leukositosis berat (WBC 98.000 µL), trombositosis (PLT 922.000/µL), anemia (Hb 9,7 g/dL), serta peningkatan neutrofil (79,9%). Diagnosis ditegakkan sebagai impending respiratory failure, bronkopneumonia dan pertusis malignant. Pasien mendapatkan terapi suportif berupa pemberian oksigenasi, cairan intravena, antipiretik, antibiotik, mukolitik, serta terapi tambahan sesuai kondisi klinis. Pada follow-up hari ke-2, demam menghilang tetapi sesak dan batuk berdahak masih menetap, serta status vital tidak stabil. Kesimpulan: impending respiratory, bronkopneumonia dan pertusis malignant memerlukan perhatian yang serius, diagnosis dan penatalaksanaan dini, termasuk pemberian antibiotik serta dukungan ventilasi, sangat penting untuk mencegah perburukan menuju gagal napas sehingga dapat menurunkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas pada bayi.

ABSTRACT

Lower respiratory tract infections remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children, especially infants. The combination of bronchopneumonia and malignant pertussis can worsen the condition and cause impending respiratory failure, which can be life-threatening. Objective: To report a case of impending respiratory failure, bronchopneumonia, and malignant pertussis in a 1-month-old infant who was treated at Dr. J.A. Latumeten Hospital, Ambon. Case: A 1-month-old male infant presented with complaints of shortness of breath, cough with phlegm, and fever since one week before admission to the hospital. Physical examination showed tachypnea (RR 69x/minute), pulse 190x/minute, and oxygen saturation of 90% with room air. Laboratory tests showed severe leukocytosis (WBC 98,000 µL), thrombocytosis (PLT 922,000/µL), anemia (Hb 9.7 g/dL), and increased neutrophils (79.9%). The diagnosis was impending respiratory failure, bronchopneumonia, and malignant pertussis. The patient received supportive therapy in the form of oxygenation, intravenous fluids, antipyretics, antibiotics, mucolytics, and additional therapy according to clinical condition. On the second day of follow-up, the fever disappeared but shortness of breath and cough with phlegm persisted, and vital signs remained unstable. Conclusion: Impending respiratory failure, bronchopneumonia, and malignant pertussis require serious attention. Early diagnosis and management, including antibiotic administration and ventilatory support, are crucial to prevent deterioration into respiratory failure, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality rates in infants.